Kaaba, the sacred Muslim Building

Kaaba is a historic building one of the seven wonders of the world, a place sacred to Muslims. This building is also called the Baitullah, a center of worship and Qibla of Muslims when praying. The shape resembles a cube height 13.10 m and 11.03 m x12 side, 62m. located in the middle of the Grand Mosque in Makkah. Every year millions of Muslims from all over the world visited this place for pilgrimage. Historians opinions differ as to who founded the Kaaba. Some opinions say angels, and there is an opinion that ka'ba founding is prophet adam.

Kaaba a renovated by Prophet Ibrahim and Prophet Ismail in the Qur`an, 14:37 was explained that the Kaaba was there when the Prophet Abraham to place the Black Stone and baby Ishmael in that place. When the Prophet Muhammad was 30 years old, this building was renovated again due to flash floods that hit the city of Mecca. Originally Kaaba building consists of two doors. But because of lack of funds, building the Kaaba made only one. Doors Ka'ba is located on the ground, not like now, the door is a bit high. At that time there is a conflict between tribal leaders when it will be placed back aswad stone. But the figure of the Prophet Muhammad's leadership could ease the tension without the any aggrieved party.

When the Prophet Muhammad was appointed as the Messenger (Rasul), and moved to the city of Medina, Ka'ba environment full of sculpture as the embodiment of God of the Arabs when the darkness of thought (jahilliyah). The teachings of Prophet Ibrahim and Prophet Moses to not worship objects or living things, not adhered to the Arab nation at that time. Prophet Muhammad clean up all the sculptures in the Kaaba and liberate the city of Mecca without bloodshed.

 The building was then in the care of the Bani Sya'ibah. Hajj Administration and services regulated by the government caliphs Abu Bakr, Umar ibn Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, Ali ibn Abi Talib, Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan, Ummayyah dynasty, Abbasid dynasty, Ottoman Turkish dynasty. Until now, the royal government of Saudi Arabia is responsible for taking care of two Muslim holy cities, Mecca and Medina. Prophet Muhammad had to cancel his plans to renovate again Kaaba, because his followers newly converted to Islam. When Abdullah bin Zubair govern the Hijaz region, the building was rebuilt according to the message of Prophet Muhammad.

But when there is war with Abdul Malik bin Marwan Sham area authorities (now Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine), the Kaaba burned by gunfire Sham troops. Abdul Malik bin Marwan became caliph, the renovation of the Kaaba on the basis of the building at the time of Prophet Muhammad SAW and not based on the foundation of Prophet Ibrahim. Ka’ba in the history of the next several times suffered damage as a result of the war and as age of the building. When the reign the Abbasid Caliphate, the Caliph Harun al-Rashid's plans to renovate the ka'ba again according to the foundation of Prophet Ibrahim and Prophet Muhammad desired. But this plan was opposed a leading cleric, Imam Malik for fear that the next ruler always will be dismantled ka'ba .

Al-Aqsa Mosque, the second qibla Muslims

Al-Aqsa Mosque, also is one of Islam's holy places, part of a complex of sacred buildings in the Old City of Jerusalem (East Jerusalem). Al-Aqsa is one of the historical heritage of Islamic civilization in the world. This mosque complex known to Muslims as Al-Haram ash-Sharif or "noble sanctuary. " Jews and Christians know as the Temple Mount. Al-Aqsa Mosque is considered as the third holy place of Muslims, entry in the series of events Isra'Mi'raj. The Book of Hadith explains that Muhammad taught Muslims oriented towards Al-Aqsa Mosque (Baitul Maqdis) until 17 months after moving to Medina. After that, change the direction to pray in the Kaaba to the present. Al-Aqsa Mosque in the holy book called the Qur’an in the events of Isra 'Mi'raj.

Al-Aqsa Mosque was originally a small house of worship founded by Umar bin Khattab, one of the Khulafah Rasyidin, then repaired the Umayyad Caliph Abdul Malik and completed by his son Al-Walid in 705 AD.After the earthquake in 746, the mosque was completely destroyed and rebuilt by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur in 754, and discontinued by his successor al-Mahdi in 780. The next earthquake destroyed most of the Al-Aqsa in 1033 and repaired by the Caliph Ali Azh-Zahir Fatimiyyah to stand until now. In a variety of renovation, various Islamic Caliphate dynasties have made additional mosque and the surrounding region, such as the dome, facade, chancel, tower, and the interior of the building.

 

When the Crusaders conquered Jerusalem in 1099, they were using the mosque as a palace and churches, mosques function restored after Saladin recaptured the city. Renovation, repair, and further additions made centuries later by the leader of the Ayyubid, Mamluk, Ottoman, Islamic Supreme Council, and Jordan. Currently, the Old City of Jerusalem is under Israeli control, but the mosque was still under guardianship of Islamic waqf institutions Palestinian leadership.

The burning of the Al-Aqsa Mosque on August 21, 1969 to encourage the founding of the Organization of Islamic Conference which currently consists of 57 countries. The burning also caused the ancient pulpit Saladin Al-Ayyubi burned down. Dynasty of Bani Hashim, the ruler of the Kingdom of Jordan has been replaced with a new pulpit who worked in Jordan, but some say the pulpit made in Jepara used in this mosque. 

The name al-Aqsa Mosque when translated means "the farthest mosque". The name is derived from information in the Qur'an in Surah Al-Isra 'verse 1. Ascension of the Prophet Muhammad is a journey undertaken from Mosque Al-Haram to Mosque al-Aqsa, and then ascended into heaven. In Sahih Bukhari explained in the course of the Prophet Muhammad riding the Al-Buraq. The term "farthest" in use in the context of the "farthest from Mecca". For centuries, the Al-Aqsa Mosque is in fact not only mosques, but also the area around the building, which is considered a sacred place. The name change occurred during the reign of the Ottoman empire (approximately the 16th century until early 1918). complex in the vicinity of the mosque called Al-Haram ash-Sharif, and building a mosque that was founded by Umar bin Khattab called Jami 'al-Aqsa or Al-Aqsa Mosque.

Blue Mosque, the legacy of Ottoman glory

Blue mosque is a relic of historic Turkish Ottoman Empire and and one of the historic buildings. Called "blue mosque" because the blue dome lid. The mosque is located in Istanbul city of Turkey, was built by Sultan Ahmed I in 1609 and completed in 1612. Sultan Ahmed Blue Mosque built to emulate the Hagia building artificial Sopia Byzantine emperor (Constantin I). Hagia Sopia located one block from the Blue Mosque. Before falling into Otoman Turkish empire in 1453 AD, Hagia Sopia is the Byzantine Church. Blue Mosque has six minarets, dome diameter of 23.5 meters, 43 meters high dome, concrete pole diameter of 5 meters.

This mosque is one of two mosques in Turkey that has six tower. Due to the number of towers similar to the Grand Mosque in Mecca, when that King of Ahmad received sharp criticism, so he is donating the cost of making the seventh tower to the Grand Mosque . Above the door of the Blue Mosque in pairs of heavy iron chain. Only the King can be enter into the courtyard with riding horses. If the King will enter to the mosque, he must bowed his head so as not to hit the chain. This is the mean, symbol of humility in front the power of the divine ruler. Besides beautiful scenery, beautiful historic buildings filled Istanbul. Not far from the Blue Mosque, Aya Sofia museum there. As well as the beauty of its architecture, Aya Sofia is very unique because of its history. Originally Aya Sofia is the church in the heyday Konstatinopel, then converted into a mosque, after 500 years and since the secular government of the Republic of Turkey at the turn into the museum. 

 

Blue Mosque, until now, still function as a place of worship. Entering the mosque complex, we passed a protected flower garden shade tree. A place of ablution lined the front side before entering the mosque welcomed us inside the mosque complex. When entering the mosque space tourists must dress modestly. Women should wear veils. The guards are always ready to remind the front entrance. The mosque is also composed from marble pillars, and more from 200 stained glass windows with various designs, emitting light from outside.In the chandeliers, ostricheggs laid to prevent the spider made a nest there. Other Decorative calligraphicverses of the Qur'an, mostly made by Seyyid Kasim Gubari, one of the bestcalligraphers at that time.

Angkor Wat, Cambodia's world wonders

Angkor Wat is a historic building, shaped a temple, located in the city of Angkor, Cambodia, and is regarded as one of the wonders of the world. Angkor Wat is a heritage history, was built King Suryavarman II mid-12th century AD .Development of Angkor Wat temple would take 30 years. Angkor Wat Angkor located in the plains, where dozens of building a beautiful temple.Angkor Wat is the most famous temple in Angkor plain. According to Hindu faith,Mount Meru is the center of the world, and the residence of Hindu deities. That is why the temples of Angkor are placed here. Tower of Angkor Wat highest located in the middle, and became the main tower building in the complex of Angkor Wat.

Angkor Wat area surrounded by walls and canal, as a symbol of the ocean andmountains that surround the world. The main entrance to Angkor Wat and a half mileseach decorated fence and flanked by man-made sea called the Baray. The entrance tothe temple of Angkor Wat through the gate, representing the rainbow jambatan naturallink with the natural world of the gods. Condition of Angkor Wat is best compared to other temples in the Angkor plain. Since the 13th century Buddhism in Cambodia is more growing than the Hindu religion.Angkor Wat and then functioned a Buddhist temple, maintained and used continuouslyuntil now.

Prophet`s mosque, an Islamic heritage

Prophet's Mosque, is one of the most important mosque located in the city of Medina,Saudi Arabia because it was built by Prophet Muhammad. This mosque is a historic building and historical legacy of Islamic glory, become the tomb of the Messenger and his friends. The mosque is one of the main mosque for Muslims after the Grand Mosque in Mecca and the Al-Aqsa  mosque in Jerusalem. Prophet's Mosque is the second mosque, built by the Prophet Muhammad, after the Quba Mosque, founded on the way migrate from Mecca to Medina. Prophet's Mosque was built since the first Prophet arrived in Medina. The location the previously a place for drying dates belonging orphans Sahl and Suhailbin 'Amr. The land was later purchased to build a mosque of the Prophet Muhammadand his residence.

Originally, this mosque measuring approximately 50 m × 50 m, with high roofs of about 3.5 m. Prophet helped build with his own hands, together with the friends and theMuslims. Walls on all four sides of the mosque are made of brick and soil, while theroofs of palm leaves with a pole from the trunk of dates. Part its roof allowed open just like that. Over the past first nine years, this mosquewithout lighting at night. Only at the time of Isha, held a little lighting by burning straw. On one side of the mosque, built the residence of the Prophet Muhammad. Houses of the Prophet is not how large and nothing more luxurious than state mosque, only moreclosed. Moreover, there are also parts that are used as place-poor indigent peoplewho do not own a house. These people are known as ahlussufah or residents the porch of the mosque.

The mosque was renovated and expanded several times. The first renovation undertaken by the Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab in the year 17 H, and the second by caliph Uthman ibn Affan in the year 29 H In modern times, King Abdul Aziz of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia extend this mosque to be 6024 m² in the year 1372 H. This expansion was followed by his successor, King Fahd in the year 1414 H, so that the mosque building area of almost 100,000 m², plus the top floor of a reach vast 67,000 m² and the court of the mosque that can be used to pray with an area of 135,000 m². Now, the Prophet's Mosque can accommodate approximately 535,000 pilgrims.

Prophet Muhammad is buried in the place of death, that is the previously room Faithful Umm Aisha RA, wife of the Prophet. Near the tomb of the Prophet Muhammad, is buried two nearby companions, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq and Umar bin Khattab. Expansion of the tomb of the Prophet's Mosque third cause is now in the mosque, that is at the southeast corner of the mosque. Aisha and the other companions, is buried in public graveyards Baqi. The pastseparated far enough, now with the expansion of the mosque, Baqi be locatedadjacent to the court of the Prophet's Mosque.

Thanks to wikipedia

Eiffel tower, icon of the Paris City

Eiffel tower is identical and historic building in  Paris City. The haritage of this historic can be said symbol of the Paris City, and became a magnet for millions of tourists all over the world for visit it. visit to France is incomplete if it does not visit the Eiffel. Eiffel Tower is located in the Champ de Mars, the River Seine, Paris. Eiffel is a global icon of France, famous buildings in the world even one of the wonders of the world. This tower was built in 1889 and designed by Gustave Eiffel, so the name also derives from the name eiffel designer. More than 200,000,000 people have visited the tower since its construction in 1889, even in 2006 reached 6.7192 million a fantastic journey, so that the visit object of most tourists in the world. tower structure 325 m high, is approximately equal to the 81 floor building.

Eiffel Tower Data

Construction	January 28, 1887 - March 30, 1889 (2 years, 2 months, 5 days)
In the Wake by	Alexandre Gustave Eiffel
Architect	Charles Leon Stephen Sauvestre
Construction cost	7.4 million Frances
Building materials	materials made of wrought iron. The foundation made of reinforced
Size	Height 300.65 m (without antenna), 324 m (with antenna)
Base surface area	350 m2.
Weight	7,000 tons.
Access	Lifts and Elevator
The number of households	1710 steps (step).

Since 1889 this tower breaking record building tallest in the world's until 1930. this record then replaced by the Chrysler Building in New York City (1047 feet) after finished constructed. The metal structure of the Eiffel Tower weighs 7300 tons, and the weight of the entirestructure including non-metal components weighing 10,000 tons. The tower this alsoswinging 6-7 cm (2-3 inches) when the wind was blowing pretty fresh. First and second levels are accessible by stairs and elevator. Visitors can reach this place via the stairs on the south. Care is needed to tower 50 to 60 tons of paint every seven years to avoidcorrosion. The tower is also in the paint with three different colors. Dark color to thebottom, and light color on top.

Eiffel was built to big events greet World Exposition, or world-class exhibition in celebration of one century the French revolution. Gustave Eiffel was originally going to build this tower in the city of Barcelona, but the city government considered the project too expensive and not suitable for the city of Barcelona. Gustave Eiffel then send the proposal to the city of Paris, and was recently approved by one more year. The tower this inaugurated on March 31, 1889, and opened on May 6. To build 18,083 towers require 300 workers and 2.5 million component of iron nails.

Eiffel has standing permission for 20 years, means must be dismantled in 1909, when ownership transferred to the government of the City of Paris. The city government has planned to demolish. The city government has planned to demolish, but canceled due to profitable in terms of economic, military, or development of communication networks. Eiffel tower dedicated  to the 72 names of scientists, engineers and other famous people, which is written in the tower. The names were removed in the early 20th century but restored in 1986-1987 by Société Nouvelle d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel.

Pyramids giza

Great Pyramids Giza is a historic building, the oldest and largest pyramid from the three pyramids at Giza Nekropolis. Pyramids Giza is the heritage of ancient Egyptian civilization and one of the Seven Wonders of World. According to historians, this pyramid is used as apharaoh's tomb, the fourth dynasty of Egypt. Pyramids Giza was built around 2560 BC,takes time more than 20 years. This pyramid also often called the pyramid of Khufu. Pyramids Giza area located in the area near Cairo (Egypt), pyramids are found here the largest compared to pyramid on earth.Pyramids Giza or the great pyramids in the desert lies a temperature more than 35 degrees Celsius, comprising three plus one big Pyramid Sphinx. The third pyramid is Khufu (Cheops), Khafre (Rakhaef / Chephren) and Menkaure (Mycerinus) plus three small pyramids. Each pyramid of Cheops, Chepren and Mycerinus have similarity Interior.

There is a king room, queen room, the door tunnel (diameter 1.5 meters, length 40meters). Majority population of Egypt at that time as a farmer. they utilize the river valley Nile for irrigation agricultural areas. Giza pyramid complex built around the ancient Egyptians 5,000 years ago has a total area equal to the distance from St. Peter (Rome), the Cathedral of Florence (Milan) up to St. Louis. Paul (London). Also believed to set the stone in the Pyramid of Giza when put together can make a wall 3 meters high with a thickness of 0.3 meters that could surround the whole of France. When compared to the Empire State Building in New York, the pyramid is 30 timeslarger and can even be seen from the moon. The Ancient Egyptians werebuilt it in 30years . There is a clear stone bricks of the pyramids of Giza are the result of casting,accurate construction of gravity and center of the object. Even at the Pyramids of Gizawas built by the suspected UFO because it deals with the portrait of the pyramids on Mars.

According to research scientists and archaeologists, pyramid-making raw materials taken from several places. For example, the Tura limestone, granite from Aswan,copper from Sinai and the wood for the coffins of Lebanon, all of which are transportedthrough the Nile. Workers average worker died at a young age (around 30 years),suffered spinal injuries due to carrying a very heavy burden. Archaeologists also foundevidence of an emergency relief for the injured worker.

Allegations were made Jean-Pierre Houdin after studying data from the American Egyptian historian, Bob Brier, who combined with simulation of three-dimensional (3D). The results provide clues about the possibility there are two secret rooms in the heart of the big building.

Secondly the room was estimated as a area used storage furniture Pharaoh Khufu in nature supernatural. According to Houdin, the existence of the room hidden clues obtained from a similar room in the Pyramid Snefru, father of Khufu. So most likely the same design was also used in the Pyramids Giza.  Moreover, the blocks are located in the south wall of the room the king indicated a suspected road leading to the secret room and use the participant's funeral as a way out of the pyramid.

Reference:  http://nationalgeographic.co.id, indolist.com